Cindy L. OBryant, PharmD, BCOP
- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/pharmacy/Departments/ClinicalPharmacy/DOCPFaculty/H-P/Pages/OBryantCindyPharmD.aspx
Jobs level files these files contain information on Jobs the respondent has reported over time medicine runny nose generic indinavir 400 mg with visa. Current jobs are represented medicine grand rounds purchase 400 mg indinavir overnight delivery, as well as past employment that have unresolved pensions from past waves medications used for bipolar disorder generic 400 mg indinavir amex. A separator symptoms 6dp5dt buy generic indinavir 400mg line, " " and then one or two letters designating the level, follows the section letter designator. The following extensions are used for the six different types of files that are distributed. For more information, see Examples of SubHousehold and Respondent Person Number and Other Person Number Assignments. Secondary Identification Variables In addition to the primary identification variables that uniquely identify records in a dataset, secondary identification variables that allow links to other datasets are provided. For example, a couple divorces, one respondent remarries, and both split-off households have new members. Distribution Files the files are packaged for download from our Web site in two different ways as one large. By using this directory structure, you will not have to change the path name in your data descriptor files. If you use a different structure, just change the directory references in the program statement files. The statement files are named beginning with the same prefix as the corresponding data file. If the files are not located in the specified directories, you will need to edit the *. The format of the codebook is, for the most part, consistent with all previous releases. Variable Names Variable names begin with a letter designating the wave of data collection (N for 2012), followed by the section letter, and numbers after the section letter. The X indicates a variable that is updated by data collected in later sections of the questionnaire, whereas the Z indicates preloaded data that were not changed by subsequent answers to questions. Multiple-response and Looped Variables There are two types of variables with multiple mention indicators. Simple multiple mention variables take the form: (wave prefix) + (section letter) + (variable number) + (mention number). Variable names for multiple mentions to questions within a loop take the form: (wave prefix) + (section letter) + (variable number) + (underscore) + (loop iteration) + (letter designating mention number). Simple loop variables (not a multiple mention) have an underscore ( )in their name and a suffix that designates the loop. For variables that have a "W" right after the section designator, the variable names are slightly different. Variable names for multiple mentions to questions within a W-loop take the form: (wave prefix) + (section letter) + ("W") + (variable number) + (letter designating loop iteration) + (mention number). Other non-multiple mention variables within this type of loop are named with the letter designating the loop iteration. Null multiple mention variables and variables from null loops beyond the first mention or first loop are not included in the data. It is generally the case that one null multiple mention and one null loop was retained. Masked Variables To protect the confidentiality of the information that respondents provide, a number of variables have been masked or are simply not included in the final release public dataset. Names, addresses, days of birth, information on geographical relocation and similar variables are not included in publicly released files. Other Specify Questions, Comments, and Open Ends "Other Specify" and "Open End", or questions that are answered with text. Similarly, the Final release data also include comments made by respondents in the course of the interview. Other Types of Documentation In addition to this document and the codebook, three additional types of documentation are available. Box and Arrow Questionnaire the research community has referred to the type of documentation that describes the questions asked in the interview as a "questionnaire".
Active constituents Bases Penetration Include hydrocortisone and synthetic halogenated derivatives Halogenation increases activity Available as solutions symptoms joint pain fatigue 400mg indinavir overnight delivery, lotions medications jejunostomy tube 400mg indinavir for sale, creams symptoms heart attack women purchase indinavir 400 mg online, ointments medicine 8 capital rocka buy discount indinavir 400mg on-line, sprays, mousses and tapes Readily penetrate via the horny layer and appendages Form a reservoir in the horny layer Polyethylene occlusion and high concentrations increase penetration Some minor metabolism in epidermis and dermis. A vehicle should maximize the delivery of topical drugs but may also have useful properties in its own right. The choice of vehicle depends upon the action desired, availability, messiness, ease of application and cost. Individual vehicles Dusting powders are used in the folds to lessen friction between opposing surfaces. This effect is hastened by adding an alcohol, but glycerol or arachis oil slow evaporation and retain skin moisture. Shake lotions are watery lotions to which powder has been added so that the area for evaporation is increased. When water has evaporated from the skin, the powder particles clump together and may become abrasive. Emulsifying agents are added to increase the surface area of the dispersed phase and that of any therapeutic agent in it. They allow the skin to remain supple by preventing the evaporation of water from the horny layer. There are three main types: 1 those that are water-soluble (macrogols, polyethylene glycols); 2 those that emulsify with water; and 3 those that repel water (mineral oils, and animal and vegetable fats). Pastes are used for their protective and emollient properties and usually are made of powder added to a mineral oil or grease. Variations on these themes have led to the numerous topical preparations available today. Rather than use them all, and risk confusion, doctors should limit their choice to one or two from each category. Preservatives Water-in-oil emulsions, such as ointments, require no preservatives. However, many creams are oil-inwater emulsions that permit contaminating organisms to spread in a continuous watery phase. These preparations therefore, as well as lotions and gels, require the incorporation of preservatives. Those in common use include the parahydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), chlorocresol, sorbic acid and propylene glycol. Some puzzling reactions to topical preparations are based on allergy to the preservatives they contain. In extensive eruptions, a tubular gauze cover keeps clothes clean and hampers scratching (see. Three techniques of application are more specialized: immersion therapy by bathing, wet dressings (compresses) and occlusive therapy. After soaking for about 10 min, the skin should be rubbed gently with a sponge, flannel or soft cloth; cleaning may be made easier by soaps, oils or colloidal oatmeal. Medicated baths are occasionally helpful, the most common ingredients added to the bath water being bath oils, antiseptics and solutions of coal tar. The skin absorbs water and this can be held in the skin for some time if an occlusive ointment is applied after bathing. Older patients may need help to get into a bath and should be warned about falling if the bath contains an oil or another slippery substance. Wet dressings (compresses) these are used to clean the skin or to deliver a topical medication. They are especially helpful for weeping, crusting and purulent conditions such as eczema, and are described more fully on p. Closed dressings are covered with a plastic (usually polyethylene) sheet; they do not dry out so quickly and are usually changed twice daily. Both arms and legs 20 35 50 65 90 Age 6 months 4 years 8 years 12 years Adult (70 kg male) Whole body 35 60 90 120 170 Trunk 15 20 35 45 60 cially helpful for debriding adherent crusts and for draining exudative and purulent ulcers. Occlusive therapy Sometimes steroid-sensitive dermatoses will respond to a steroid only when it is applied under a plastic sheet to encourage penetration.
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Cost-effectiveness o Rotarix in the Philippines of Gatcheco treatment walking pneumonia order 400mg indinavir amex, Manila Central University Filemon D symptoms 0f gallbladder problems buy indinavir 400 mg low cost. Tanchoco Medical Foundation and Dr Jossie nd Rogacion treatment juvenile rheumatoid arthritis cheap 400 mg indinavir overnight delivery, University of Philippines College of Medicine) 5 asa medications order indinavir 400mg on-line. In addition, the model structure was validated by the same experts to ensure that he local clinical practice in managing children with gastroenteritis was reflected in the model. Demographic data the number of live births in the Philippines as recorded by the Field Health Service Information System in 2010 was 1,745,190 babies 12 babies. Assuming negligible infant and childhood mortality, there would be same number of children in age group 2-3 years in 2013. Under 3 the same assumptions, by applying the average annual population growth rate of 1. Epidemiological data In the absence of longitudinal real world local sence data recorded in a rotavirus specific disease registry, inputs from local experts and data reported in other Southeast Asian countries3, 14-16 and the United States17 were used and extrapolated to provide estimated in incidence rates of rotavirus induced gastroenteritis in the Philippines. It was assumed that all babies experience some form of diarrhea, on average with 37. The estimated rotavirus incidences (per 100,000/year) were 37,800; 7,958; 796 and 202 for mild disease, moderate disease, severe disease and death, respectively. Using these estimated incidence rates, probabilities of each age group of children falling into all the possible health states were estimated. These probabilities should be ageprobabilitie specific for the fact that immunity develops as a child grows older. In addition, the immunity against rotavirus infection also arises from any previous infection. Studies show that children are unlikely to die from rotavirus induced gastroenteritis after age 2 years. This probability is assumed to decrease and remain stable after the first two years of life. While the disease is more likely to be severe in developing countries for many segments of se the population thereby enhancing the risk of hospitalization, actual needed hospitalizations may not occur due to limited access (both physically and financially) i. All probabilities are age-specific and higher in the specific lower age-groups (Table 1). Vaccine effect Probability for health states of vaccinated children were extrapolated from the data 18 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of the Philippines Journal ediatric Vol 15 No. Cost-effectiveness o Rotarix in the Philippines of available in Latin American countries with comparable socioeconomic statu status to the Philippines. Vaccine efficacy against severe rotavirus induced gastroenteritis and death were taken as 80. The probabilities of falling into the different possible health states for vaccinated children b by age group are shown in Table 1. The probability of getting diarrhea among the vaccinated children is calculated as a function of the probability of getting diarrhea in the absence of vaccination, the vaccine efficacy for each of the respective health states, as well as the tes, vaccination coverage assumed. Resource use and cost data this study was undertaken from two perspectives (payer and societal), with different cost elements considered. Only direct medical costs were included in the analyses ba based on payer perspective, and additional costs. Management of diarrhea consists of paracetamol for fever, oral rehydration salt sachets to prevent dehydration21 and zinc supplementation. A conservative age approach was adopted and future costs were not pted considered as it is difficult to accurately quantify conditions requiring long-term medical care long (such as growth stunting) that can be attributed to rotavirus induced gastroenteritis. Rotavirus vaccination was also assumed to be administered as part of the existing primary vaccination schedule and hence is unlikely to incur significant additional administrative costs. Loss in earnings as a result of parents staying home to care for children ill with diarrhea was estimated as part of the indirect costs. Productivity loss was rt calculated by taking into account the estimated number of days lost from work, the likely salary per day as well as the employment rate among the care takers. Estimated probabilities of various health states for vaccinated and non vaccinated children, by age group non-vaccinated Age group (Years) No diarrhea Vx 1 Mild 2 Moderate Non-Vx 0. Cost-effectiveness of R Rotarix in the Philippines In addition to improved health outcomes, a prevention of cases through vaccination would also n result in potential cost savings over time as utilization of medical resources is reduced. Additionally, for tionally, simplicity, patients were assumed to be in full health i. Usually, a new intervention is likely to improve health outcomes (for example, averted cases which would have occurred in the absence of the intervention) but at an additional cost.
Does the program director have a full-time appointment in the sponsoring institution with a primary commitment to the orofacial pain program? Responsibility Program administration Development and implementation of curriculum plan Ongoing evaluation of program content symptoms 11 dpo purchase indinavir 400mg line, faculty teaching symptoms sinus infection indinavir 400mg for sale, and resident performance Evaluation of resident training and supervision in affiliated institutions and off-service rotations Maintenance of records related to the educational program Resident selection Preparing graduates to seek certification by the American Yes No 1 symptoms dust mites generic indinavir 400 mg without a prescription. Provide data regarding faculty responsibilities and qualifications (Exhibits 11 and 12 are suggested for presenting this information) 2 medications and mothers milk 2016 400mg indinavir free shipping. Describe how the teaching staff members are oriented to the philosophy and objectives of the In the event of a change in program personnel, how is program continuity ensured? Assess the adequacy of the size and time commitment of the teaching staff Examples of evidence to demonstrate compliance may include: Full and part-time faculty rosters Self-Study: Provide above items in the appendix. Program and faculty schedules Completed BioSketch of faculty members with major responsibilities to the program (Exhibit 13) Criteria used to certify a non-specialist faculty member as responsible for a specialty teaching area Self-Study: Provide above items in the appendix Documentation that non-specialist faculty members are responsible for a specialty teaching area On-Site: Prepare the above items for review by the visiting committee 3-4 A formally defined evaluation process must exist that ensures measurements of the performance of faculty members annually. Include the frequency of evaluations, who performs the evaluation, whether it is documented, and whether written performance evaluations are shared with individual faculty. Examples of evidence to demonstrate compliance may include: 189 Faculty files On-Site: Prepare the above items for review by the visiting committee Performance appraisals Self-Study: Provide a blank faculty performance evaluation form if utilized On-Site: Prepare above items for review by visiting committee 3-5 A faculty member must be present in the clinic for consultation, supervision, and active teaching when residents are treating patients in scheduled clinic sessions. Intent: this standard does not preclude occasional situations where a faculty member cannot be available. Faculty members should contribute to an ongoing resident and program/curriculum evaluation process. Describe how it is ensured that a faculty member is present in the dental clinic for consultation, supervision, and active teaching when residents are treating patients in scheduled clinic sessions. Provide a monthly faculty clinic schedule in the appendix; include only one page if the schedule remains the same for all 12 months. Examples of evidence to demonstrate compliance may include: Faculty clinic schedules Self-Study: Provide the schedules in the appendix 3-6 Adequate support staff, including allied dental personnel and clerical staff, must be consistently available to allow for efficient administration of the program. Intent: the program should determine the number and participation of allied support and clerical staff to meet the educational and experiential goals and objectives. Indicate the number of positions and total number of hours per week devoted to this program and provide support staff schedules in the appendix. Type of Support Staff Dental Assisting Dental Hygiene Secretarial/Clerical Other (please describe) 2. Assess whether adequate allied dental personnel are consistently available to the program. Assess whether adequate clerical personnel are consistently available to the program. Examples of evidence to demonstrate compliance may include: Number of Positions Total # Hours/week Allocated to this Program 190 Staff schedules Self-Study: Provide schedules in the appendix 3-7 There must be evidence of scholarly activity among the orofacial pain faculty. Intent: Such evidence may include: participation in clinical and/or basic research; mentoring of orofacial pain resident research; publication in peer-reviewed scientific media; development of innovative teaching materials and courses; and presentation at scientific meetings and/or continuing education courses at the local, regional, or national level. Examples of evidence to demonstrate compliance may include: Publication in peer-reviewed scientific media Teaching materials developed Scientific meeting presentations On-Site: Have items above available for review by the visiting committee 3-8 the program must show evidence of an ongoing faculty development process. Intent: Ongoing faculty development is a requirement to improve teaching and learning, to foster curricular change, to enhance retention and job satisfaction of faculty, and to maintain the vitality of academic dentistry as the wellspring of a learned profession. Describe the faculty development process and how the program ensures faculty involvement in the process. Intent: the facilities should permit the attainment of program goals and objectives. Clinical facilities suitable 191 for privacy for patients should be specifically identified for the orofacial pain program. Equipment for handling medical emergencies and current medications for treating medical emergencies should be readily accessible. Protocols for handling medical emergencies should be developed and communicated to all staff in patient care areas. Assess the availability of operatories when residents are scheduled to provide direct patient care. Assess the ability of the institution to provide privacy for patients of the orofacial pain program. Describe procedures and documentation used to ensure that these medications and equipment are regularly inspected.
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