Marie A. Abate, BS PharmD
- Professor of Clinical Pharmacy
- Director, West Virginia Center for Drug and Health Information
- Director of Programmatic Assessment, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
https://directory.hsc.wvu.edu/Individual/Index/28087
Habitat Associations Macrohabitat: Common in pools and backwaters of medium to large streams with low or moderate gradients (Pflieger 1980) infections of the skin buy discount ketoconazole cream 15gm online. In Texas bacteria urinalysis order ketoconazole cream 15 gm without prescription, adults likely to inhabit smaller tributary streams and not the Brazos River main stem (Winemiller et al antibiotics with food purchase 15 gm ketoconazole cream free shipping. Etnier and Starnes (1993) note that main stem rivers may be important to the early development or another aspect of life history antimicrobial 109 key 24 ghz soft silent key flexible wireless keyboard buy cheap ketoconazole cream 15gm on line. Mesohabitat: Moderate current; silty, muddy, or rocky substrate (Fingerman and Suttkus 1961). Spawning habitat: Calm waters along the edge of streams and in the backwaters and overflow pools of large rivers (Burr and Mayden 1982). Adams and Hankinson (1926) note breeding principally in creeks and rivers in shallow water, in or near riffles. Spawning Behavior: Lithopelagophils; rock and gravel spawners with pelagic free embryos. Food habits: Feeds in large schools near bottom, ingesting mud and bottom ooze from which it digests algae and other organic matter (Forbes and Richardson 1920). The long intestine facilitates the digestion of algae and other plant material (Page and Burr 1991). Phylogeny and morphologically similar fishes: Hybognathus nuchalis body shape is subterete; that of H. Commercial or Environmental Importance Commercially used as bait fish for larger game fish of inland fisheries (Becker 1983). Synopsis of the ichthyological fauna of the Pacific slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U. Comparison of a pharyngeal filtering apparatus in seven species of the herbivorous cyprinid genus, Hybognathus (Pisces: Cyprinidae). An annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Texas, with keys to the identification of species. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Response of Oxbow Lake Biota to Hydrologic Exchanges with the Brazos River Channel. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and Texas State University to Texas Water Development Board. Coloration: Dorsal region olive to gray; lateral region yellow-gold with silvery sheen; ventral region pale yellow. Breeding males have a darker shade of the colors mentioned above with orange-gold fins. Upper jaw with barbels on each side; some morphologies without barbels (Hubbs et al. Swee and McCrimmon (1966) noted that nuptial tubercles are typically present on the head and pectoral fin rays of the male during the spawning season. Louisiana distribution: Found typically in larger impounded water and large rivers. This species tends to inhabit lowlands of south central Louisiana where rice field drainage canals (Douglas 1974). Abundance/Conservation status (Federal, State, Non-governmental organizations): Broad and stable distribution in North America (Panek 1987). Habitat Associations Macrohabitat: Small backwater areas to large rivers and reservoirs. In the Sulphur River, Texas, one of four dominant species in open-water group collections; positively associated with greater depths in the upstream reach and with pool habitats during the high flow range (Morgan 2002). Reported from brackish marshes with salinities up to 14 ppt (Crivelli 1981); however this species is rarely found in brackish areas as high salinities cause excretory problems and may interfere with water balance (Panek 1987). Young fish will bury themselves in mud or sand in an effort to avoid predation by birds (Panek 1987). Early-June to mid-July, in Lewis and Clark Lake (Missouri River), with water ranging between 18.
By focusing on the thread itself antibiotic erythromycin buy 15gm ketoconazole cream otc, conservation biology brought the theme of biological diversity to the fore can antibiotic resistance kill you order 15gm ketoconazole cream otc. In so doing virus 12 states buy ketoconazole cream 15 gm free shipping, conservation biology has reconnected conservation to deep sources in Western natural history and science antibiotics kidney pain order ketoconazole cream 15gm visa, and to cultural tradi- tions of respect for the natural world both within and beyond the Western experience (see Box 1. Traditional ecological knowledge may be defined as a cumulative body of knowledge, practice and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and handed down through generations by cultural transmission. It is experiential knowledge closely related to a way of life, multigenerational, based on oral transmission rather than book learning, and hence different from science in a number of ways. Traditional knowledge does not always result in conservation, just as science does not always result in conservation. But there are a number of ways in which traditional knowledge and practice may lead to conservation outcomes. First, sacred groves and other sacred areas are protected through religious practice and enforced by social rules. Second, many national parks have been established at the sites of former sacred areas, and are based on the legacy of traditional conservation. Alto Fragua Indiwasi National Park in Colombia and Kaz Daglari National Park in Turkey are examples. Third, new protected areas are being established at the request of indigenous peoples as a safeguard against development. One example is the Paakumshumwaau Biodiversity Reserve in James Bay, Quebec, Canada (see Box 1. In the Peruvian Andes, the centre of origin of the potato, the Quetchua people maintain a mosaic of agricultural and natural areas as a biocultural heritage site with some 1200 potato varieties, both cultivated and wild. In some cases, high biodiversity is explainable in terms of traditional livelihood practices that maintain a diversity of varieties, species and landscapes. For example, Oaxaca State in Mexico exhibits high species richness despite the absence of official protected areas. This may be attributed to the diversity of local and indigenous practices resulting in multi functional cultural landscapes. In the study of landscape ecology, the principle is that low and intermediate levels of disturbance often increase biodiversity, as compared to nondisturbed areas. The objective of formal protected areas is biodiversity conservation, whereas traditional conservation is often practiced for livelihood and cultural reasons. Making biodiversity conservation relevant to most of the world requires bridging this gap, with an emphasis on sustainability, equity and a diversity of approaches. There is international interest in communityconserved areas as a class of protected areas. Attention to time tested practices of traditional conservation can help develop a pluralistic, more inclusive definition of conservation, and build more robust constituencies for conservation. In so doing, it amplified tensions along basic philosophical fault lines: mechanistic/organic; utilitarian/reverential; imperialist/arcadian; reductionism/holism (Thomas et al. As recognition of human environmental impacts grew, an array of 19th century philosophers, scientists, naturalists, theologians, artists, writers, and poets began to regard the natural world within an expanded sphere of moral concern (Nash 1989). For example, Alfred Russel Wallace (1863) warned against the "extinction of the numerous forms of life which the progress of cultivation invariably entails" and urged his scientific colleagues to assume the responsibility for stewardship that came with knowledge of diversity. In his second chapter, "Transfer, Modification, and Extirpation of Vegetable and of Animal Species," Marsh examined the effect of humans on biotic diversity. Marsh described human beings as a "new geographical force" and surveyed human impacts on "minute organisms," plants, insects, fish, "aquatic animals," reptiles, birds, and "quadrupeds. Through the veil of 19th century language, modern conservation biologists may recognize Marsh, Wallace, and others as common intellectual ancestors. Conservationists in the Progressive Era were famously split along utilitarian-preservationist lines. The utilitarian Resource Conservation Ethic, realized within new federal conservation agencies, was committed to the efficient, scientifically informed management of natural resources, to provide "the greatest good to the greatest number for the longest time" (Pinchot 1910:48).
The blood is obtained in a large automatically filling pipette antibiotics diabetes generic ketoconazole cream 15gm mastercard, is mixed in a cell with By candle-light the color of this white base antibiotics for steroid acne buy ketoconazole cream 15gm online, and covered with a cover-glass quotation antibiotic resistance buy ketoconazole cream 15 gm cheap. By means of riders of colored glass antimicrobial clothing order 15 gm ketoconazole cream with amex, which raise the percentage 5 per cent, (certain special instruments have a rider for each per cent. The instrument but a dollar and a half, can be carried easily in the pocket, and made in less a determination than a minute. We admit that the trained eye, that is, an eye trained to use more accurate instruments like the Miescher, will soon use this color-scale more accurately than an untrained eye will use the Miescher; but the former can guess as near, even from the color of the lips, without the Tallqvist scale, while of one eminent Viennese it is said that he could guess within 0. The spot of blood it is obtained by holding the edge of the paper this is then between two pages of the book until the lustre is lost, and the reading is made at once before the drop becomes dry. The observer, facing the sunlight, holds the book rather low before him, so that light is well reflected from the color-scale. So great has been the demand for these books, following their recommendation in a very excellent text-book, that many editions have been published. We hope the reaction will lead the practitioners to adopt some instrument requiring less guess-work. From the records of 176 medical students, all normal men during the third decade of life, the readings made with great care, the Fleischl instruments in lOi cases read from 65 to no per cent. Here the direct readings of the instruments not corrected with the Miescher are given. Oliver, or Fleischl is good enough, it provided incorrect, be a standardized instrument, for so with time. This method, proposed as the most accurate way of determining the amount of h;emoglobin, determines the absolute amount of iron We shall merely outline the method. The fluid from this latter tube is allowed to escape through a stopcock, drop by drop, until the tint of the two solutions is the same. The incineration is done in a platinum crucible, the blood being first dried, then incinerated, the potassium sulphate, o. With the apparatus is a table giving the values in haemoglobin for the various readings. In the first place, the haemoglobinometers are more accurate than they were at the time when this was In the second place, it was found that the results with this did not agree used. Even this was named of these arguments are rather lame, since hscmoglobin is a rather constant body, and in the very small amount of blood used the amount of iron in other forms would hardly produce an appreciable error. Perhaps it is the method itself which the method has been severely criticised by Pekar," who describes 2 is at fault. Careful estimations of the haemoglobin at the various ages have shown a regular age curve, quite parallel to that of the red blood-cells, but with variations a little more pronounced. By oUgochromccmia is meant a relative diminution in the amount of haemoglobin per unit volume of blood. It therefore is seen to have this table of Leichtenstern at From it tion) is merely a relative and not an absolute value. By color index is meant the percentage of haemoglobin divided by the percentage of the red blood-cells. For estimating the denominator, 5,000,000 red blood-corpuscles are considered 100 per cent. The color index is leSs than i in all cases in which the blood after anaemia is regenerating, hence in all secondary anaemias, and especially in chlorosis, in which the average is about In pernicious anaemia, on the 0. The high color index is of especial value in differentiating pernicious anaemia from certain cases of cancer of the stomach, a diagnosis clinically hard to make. Yet we often see cases with the above indexes reported as " mild chlorotic ansemia. If in each case the number of grammes of haemoglobin per 1,000,000 cells be reckoned, the mean of these figures should be an approximately normal color-index. These quotients fell within surprisingly close limits, 42 of the 53 varying from 2.
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It is the most sensitive but less specific than the above antibiotic 300mg discount 15 gm ketoconazole cream with amex, since alcohol and aldehyde give it antibiotics for uti pdf discount ketoconazole cream 15gm with mastercard. He finds that the amount of acetone in the ifrine of even severe cases of diabetes is very small indeed; that the most of the substance estimated as acetone is diacetic acid that May; some of the tests antibiotics for uti cost 15gm ketoconazole cream with mastercard. This method determines the sum of acetone and the diacetic acid which is transformed - - to acetone by the distillation antibiotic resistant kidney infection purchase ketoconazole cream 15gm online. This titration is repeated several times until the amount necessary for the end reaction is accurately determined, then to the iodine solution is added the necessary amount of water so that 20 cc. Both of these fluids are to be kept in dark glass bottles with ground glass stoppers. The flask receiving the distillate is tightly closed by a stopper with two perforations. Tlirough one of these passes the tube from the distilling flask, and this tube reaches to the lx)ttom of the flask and dips below the surface of water previously placed there through the other passes a shorter tube connected with a bulb or Peligot U-tube filled with water, which acts as a safety bulb to prevent the this receiving flask is, durloss of any of the very volatile acetone. The water in the safety bulb or U-tube is emptied into, and the tube washed and this water added to the distillate. To this second distillate (to which is again added the water in the safety tube and the wash-water from both tubes) is added i cc. This final distillate is poured into a flask or measuring cylinder with ground glass stopper. It is may be used to receive the protected as in the distillate first of course distillation. The flask is closed, shaken for one-quarter of a minute and then allowed to stand for five minutes. Tlie vessel used must be so large that its is contents will now not the stopper then removed (and all fluid back into the flask), the contents of the concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the excess of iodine determined by titration. The N/io thiosulphate solution is added from a burette until the more than one-third fill it. If a little too added one adds a measured amount of iodine and continues the titration till the end reaction is reached. The final distillate must contain no phenol nor ammonia nor nitrous nor formic acids, for all of these but nitrous acid will cause the loss of some iodine while that will set iodine free. In this method the error from ammonia is prevented by the addition to If a mineral the just-acid urine of 2 cc. It is wise to add the alkali and the iodine solution to the final distillate without shaking much and to notice whether the fluid separating these two partial layers turns at all black. A heavy black precipitate forms which soon clears, leaving a After standing for some time, yellow sediment of iodoform crystals. Twenty-five cubic centimetres of urine are measured into the aerometer cylinder, from 0. In the absorbing bottle has been placed water to which is added 40 per cent, potassium hydroxide solution (10 cc. The observer must be thoroughly acquainted titrated with his air current and apparatus by repeated experiments with pure acetone. But the differences between individual cases in this pardue to lack of carbo- hydrate then. The statement usually made is that it occurs only that acetone when acetone is is present in large amounts, but not always Nevertheless, the recent work of Folin would seem to prove present but in traces, and that the most of the substance which we call acetone is diacetic acid. Since it is the mother-substance of acetone, its list of occurrences is practically the same as that of the latter. In most cases with much diacetic acid oxybutyric acid is probably also present, but the latter is more difficult to determine. In most cases the cause of the appearance of diacetic acid in the urine is undernutrition or the failure of absorption, and hence occurs It occurs in certain fevers, esjiein all cachexia-producing diseases. Its occurrence and amount would seem to depend much on the nature of the infection, and the streptococcus infections seem especially favorable for its production.
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