Condet

Thomas C. Gerber, MD, PhD

• Professor of Medicine and Radiology
• Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
• Rochester, Minnesota
• Consultant in Cardiology
• Mayo Clinic
• Jacksonville, Florida

Between 1607 and 1616 blood pressure medication zestril order zebeta 2.5mg mastercard, two anonymous manifestos were published pulse pressure ejection fraction discount zebeta 2.5mg without a prescription, first in Germany and later throughout Europe hypertension what is it purchase zebeta 5mg line. The influence of these documents blood pressure medication what does it do discount zebeta 5 mg with mastercard, presenting a "most laudable Order" of mysticphilosopher-doctors and promoting a "Universal Reformation of Mankind", gave rise to an enthusiasm called by its historian Dame Frances Yates the "Rosicrucian Enlightenment". Rosicrucianism is alleged to be associated with Protestantism, Lutheranism in particular, and the manifestos opposed Roman Catholicism and its preference for dogma over empiricism. They also rejected Muhammad, though they traced their philosophy and science to the Moors, asserting that it had been kept secret for 120 years until the intellectual climate might receive it. Early seventeenth century occult philosophers such as Michael Maier, Robert Fludd and Thomas Vaughan interested themselves in the Rosicrucian world view. According to historian David Stevenson it was also influential to Freemasonry as it was emerging in Scotland. In later centuries, many esoteric societies have claimed to derive their doctrines, in whole or in part, from the original Rosicrucians. Several modern societies have been formed for the study of Rosicrucianism and allied subjects. In 1614 a curious pamphlet entitled the Fama Fraternitatis was published in Cassel, Germany. The Fama tells the story of one Christian Rosencreutz who, as a young man, wandered through the Near East learning the mystical wisdom of the Arabs and Egyptians and finding much enlightenment there. Upon returning to Germany he attempted to share this knowledge but was laughed at and shunned. He and a few likeminded people formed a society called the Fraternity of the Rose Cross, building a temple called the Spiritus Sanctus. There were only eight members at the beginning; all men, all bachelors and all virgins. The agreement among them was simple: They should profess only to be healers and act in that capacity whenever requested for no payment They would have no uniform or habit but would adopt the customs of the country where they lived They would meet once a year at the Spiritus Sanctus, or send a note excusing their absence Each person should find someone to be his successor the letters "C. R" would be their seal and mark, and the fraternity would remain secret for 100 years. This was followed in 1615 by another purported Rosicrucian publication, the Confessio Fraternitatis, in the same vein as the first but much more apocalyptic. This is a highly symbolic treatise following Rosencreutz through a mystical "wedding" that is actually an alchemical allegory. Alchemy is presented not as the physical transformation of base metals into gold, but rather as a spiritual process in which the "base" person is enlightened, turning into spiritual "gold. A few other authors, while denying membership in the society, were sympathetic to its ideals. For example, Robert Fludd, another Lutheran minister, published two books, the Compendious Apology for the Fraternity of the Rosy Cross (1616) and the Apologetic Tractatus for the Society of the Rosy Cross (1617), plus many other works with a Rosicrucian bent. There have been attempts to show that the "Invisible College" of Rosicrucianism eventually became the Royal Society of London, but the evidence is tenuous at best. Likewise, attempts to show that Rosicrucianism survived as a society past the early 1600s lack any historical basis. Spencer Lewis, an acquaintance if not an actual associate of the English occultist Aleister Crowley (18751947) and an ex-member of his Ordo Templi Orientalis. In 1858, the Fraternitas Rosae Crucis was founded by Paschal Beverly Randolph after supposedly having been initiated into a German Rosicrucian fraternity. The Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia was founded by Robert Wentworth Little and popularized by William Wynn Wescott, both connected with the Golden Dawn ritual magic group. Smaller but still recognizable is the Rosicrucian Fellowship founded by Max Heindel in 1907. A largely Christian organization, it has closer ties with theosophy and astrology than with any original Rosicrucian thought. The Rosicrucian Fellowship, "An International Association of Christian Mystics" was founded in 1909 by Max Heindel with the aim of heralding the Aquarian Age and promulgating "the true Philosophy" of the Rosicrucians. This philosophy, which draws heavily upon Theosophy, claims to present Esoteric Christian mysteries or esoteric knowledge, alluded to in Matthew 13:11 and Luke 8:10, to establish a meeting ground for art, religion, and science and to prepare the individual through harmonious development of the mind and the heart for selfless service of mankind. The Rosicrucian Fellowship conducts Spiritual Healing Services and offers correspondence courses in esoteric Christianity, philosophy, "spiritual astrology" and Bible interpretation. Its headquarters are located on Mount Ecclesia in Oceanside, California, and its students are found throughout the world organized in centers and study groups.

The Three Trainings or Practices consist of: Sila: Virtue blood pressure medication ringing in ears buy 10mg zebeta with mastercard, good conduct hypertension knee order zebeta 2.5 mg line, morality blood pressure 15080 buy zebeta 2.5mg free shipping. This is based on two fundamental principles: the principle of equality: that all living entities are equal 2013 discount zebeta 5 mg line. The principle of reciprocity: this is the "Golden Rule" in Christianity - to do onto others as you would wish them to do onto you. Mental development also strengthens and controls our mind; this helps us maintain good conduct. The first two paths listed in the Eightfold Path, described below, refer to discernment; the last three belong to concentration; the middle three are related to virtue. They may be described (somewhat simplistically) as: Dukkha: Suffering exists: (Suffering is real and almost universal. Believers are expected to use their own intelligence in deciding exactly how to apply these rules: 1. For the laity, adultery is forbidden, along with any sexual harassment or exploitation, including that within marriage. The Buddha did not discuss consensual premarital sex within a committed relationship; Thus, Buddhist traditions differ on this. There is also a series of eight precepts which are composed of the first seven listed above, followed by the eighth and ninth combined as one. The Roman Catholic forms over half of the Christianity group Christianity of 2,1 billion: Roman Catholic 1. Christians can read of the life of Jesus, as well as his ancestors, in the Christian holy text, the Bible. They also believe Jesus is the son of God, thinking that God has become a human being and the savior of humanity. The latest edition of the world Christian encyclopaedia stated that 33% of the world population is Christian. It is a monotheistic religion which is based on the teachings of the Old Testament and Jesus of Nazareth. Christians believe that Jesus, as the Son of God is part of the Trinity (God as three persons in one), the others being God the Father and God the Holy Spirit. Most Christians believe that the death and resurrection of Jesus to be the cornerstone of their faith. Protestant offshoots of Christianity believe that salvation comes from the belief in God alone, whereas Catholic and Orthodox Christians belief that faith, combined with good works is required for salvation. Protestants and Catholics have the same books in the New Testament, but Martin Luther removed 7 books from the Old Testament during the Protestant reformation, considering them to be apocryphal. Christians believe in Sacraments (Catholics and Orthodox and some Anglicans believe in 7: Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Communion, Confession, Last Rites, Holy Orders, and Matrimony; some Protestants (following Martin Luther) believe in the sacramental nature of Baptism and Holy Communion, while others reject outright the concept of sacramental theology. Christianity is generally broken into three branches: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. The Orthodox and Catholic Churches split in the 11th century in an event called the Great Schism. Protestantism split from Roman Catholicism in the 16th century in an event called the Protestant Reformation. The Bible is the book that God wrote to the world though people that loved and followed Him. He lived a sinless life and became the pure sacrifice needed to save the world from its sins so that they could go to heaven and dwell with God. He rose from the dead 3 days later, what we celebrate as Easter, to show his defeat over death and Satan. God made life, sent his son, Jesus, to earth to be an example for the way people should live. That Jesus lived as a man, and that He was crucified and died as penance for the sins of mankind: 1) A belief in God - the maker of everything. There is no common version of the Bible, as the contents and the order of the individual books (Biblical canon) vary among denominations.

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Following largely uncoordinated protests by the residents arrhythmia recognition posters buy zebeta 10 mg mastercard, the federal authorities retrospectively paid paltry sums as compensation to some of the evictees for their demolished homes blood pressure 3020 trusted zebeta 5mg. Other evictees who insisted on resettlement were allocated vacant plots of land in Ijora-Badia blood pressure medication and ed order zebeta 10 mg visa, located less than 1 kilometre away prehypertension and alcohol buy zebeta 10 mg lowest price. Except for allocation papers issued to some of the relocated households by the federal government, there was no evidence of their title to the newly allocated lands. By the early 1990s, Ijora-Badia, like many other informal settlements, had become a choice place to live for many who could not afford the cost of living in formal sections of the city. It had also become a highly attractive frontier marked for demolition and eventual upscale development by affluent developers. In July 1996, residents of 15 Lagos slum communities, with a total population of 1. While bulldozers tore down and flattened houses and property, armed security men harassed, brutalized and arrested residents who attempted to salvage personal effects from their homes. These officials also extorted monies from residents desperate to secure their freedom or gain access to pick up their possessions. The terror unleashed on these residents was heightened by the suddenness of the attack that found mostly women, children and old people at home to bear the brunt. Working with community leaders, women, youth and associations, the organization designed and implemented various initiatives and activities, including outreach and sensitization meetings; focus group discussions; onsite legal clinics and training workshops; the creative use of local and international media; as well as posters and handbills that were widely disseminated within and beyond the target communities. They also learned that the government and the World Bank had certain legal obligations to them whether or not they had valid legal title to their lands. Following a series of consultations and investigations, the government of Lagos renewed its effort to forcibly evict the Ijora-Badia community in July 2003. Now, however, the residents were better organized, mobilized and determined to keep their homes. On 29 July 2003, a demolition squad escorted by heavily armed police officers destroyed a part of the Ijora-Badia settlement, but had to pull back momentarily due to vehement resistance. On 19 August 2003, the court granted leave to the applicants to apply to enforce their fundamental rights. In disregard of the pending lawsuit and the order of leave, the Lagos state government again attacked Ijora-Badia on 19 October 2003. Bulldozers backed by heavily armed police officers destroyed houses and other structures and left over 3000 people homeless, mostly women and children. In a dramatic turn of events, however, research revealed that a significant portion of the Ijora-Badia lands had been acquired by the federal government of Nigeria in 1929 for the use and benefit of the Nigeria Railway Company. This finding had profound implications for the community and the Lagos state government. In an uncharacteristically swift reaction, the minister notified the Lagos state government of its legal ownership of the Ijora-Badia land and directed the Lagos state government to keep away from Ijora-Badia while accepting responsibility to upgrade and redevelop Ijora-Badia for the benefit of its people. An urban slice of pie: the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act in South Africa the first democratically elected parliament of South Africa adopted a constitution with a bill of rights in 1996. The adoption of the new constitution offered hope to thousands of homeless and landless South Africans, who looked forward to the fulfilment of their rights to land and housing (see also Chapter 6). After the abolishment of apartheid, millions of people were able to move about freely for the first time, leading to a rapid increase in the level of urbanization. Furthermore, the democratically elected government committed itself to return land to those who had been dispossessed on the grounds of their race and local government, and pledged itself to deliver basic services to the majority of the poor. In excess of 3 million people had been forcibly removed to enforce spatial racial segregation. The apartheid regime had bulldozed black communities and moved them away from the centre of every one of its cities and most towns. Shortly after the introduction of the new constitution, the courts started grappling with its impact on tenure issues. The key court cases centred on evictions: the new constitution, in effect, banned evictions without a court order made out after considering all relevant circumstances.

These experts convened to discuss the longstanding and emergent causes of the recent police-involved fatal shootings of people of color and other disadvantaged populations pulse pressure 22 generic 10 mg zebeta with mastercard. No single solution stands out as an immediate fix to the complex problem of police unauthorized use of force blood pressure pulse buy discount zebeta 2.5mg on-line. After examining the literature and data available regarding police use of force in Chapters 1-3 hypertension vasoconstriction buy discount zebeta 5 mg line, the Commission highlights the following findings and recommendations blood pressure over 200 in elderly discount zebeta 2.5 mg fast delivery, discussed in full in Chapter 4: Highlighted Findings: Police officers have the difficult and admirable job of providing crucial services to the communities they protect and serve. Every community resident should be able to live, work, and travel confident in an expectation that interactions with police officers will be fair, operate consistent with constitutional norms, and be guided by public safety free from bias or discrimination. Communities have demanded reforms to foster better community-police relations and to prevent unjustified and excessive police uses of force. No comprehensive national database exists that captures rates of police use of force. Lack of training and lack of funding for training leave officers and the public at risk. Repeated and highly publicized incidents of police use of force against persons of color and people with disabilities, combined with a lack of accurate data, lack of transparency about policies and practices in place governing use of force, and lack of accountability for noncompliance foster a perception that police use of force in communities of color and the disability community is unchecked, unlawful, and unsafe. Highlighted Recommendations: the Department of Justice should return to vigorous enforcement of constitutional policing, including pursuant to 42 U. The Department of Justice should robustly support local efforts to develop and institute constitutional policing practices. Congress should fund grants that support effective external police oversight through, for example, independent monitors or police commissions or community oversight. Congress should also fund grants for research regarding best practices for such oversight, to develop replicable models that communities could follow to ensure constitutionally sound policing in their jurisdictions. Executive Summary Congress should fund grants, facilitated by the Department of Justice, to incentivize evidencebased best practices that, when employed, reduce incidents of excessive force. The following practices deserve serious consideration as policy makers pursue mechanisms to keep communities safer: Officers should be trained on de-escalation tactics and alternatives to use of force. The agencies investigating and determining whether to move forward with prosecution should not have an ongoing relationship with the department. Departments should provide aggregate information to the public regarding the numbers of allegations and type of use of force and what steps, if any, departments take to address use of force concerns when they arise. The negative effects of uneven policing practices against particular communities. Phillip Atiba Goff, president of the Center for Policing Equity, states that one of the challenging issues about policing practices is that researchers have primarily focused on how these practices affect crime and crime rates, instead of also investigating the social and psychological effects on individuals. These gaps in research leave police departments and communities concerned about the treatment of individuals without sufficient evidence from which to make informed decisions. Chan School of Public Health, Discrimination in America: Experiences and Views of African Americans, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2017, at 4 (including a survey of 802 African-American U. In response, many law enforcement agencies have started to rewrite or revise procedures and protocols that focus on respecting the sanctity of all lives, and are working to implement sustainable and lasting practices. Several departments have stood out as exemplars in bringing about reform, such as the East Haven, Connecticut Police Department. In 2016, in its 36-month Justice Department Compliance Report, the police department received high marks for changing public perception and meeting "each and every benchmark for success specified [by] the Department of Justice both on-time and under budget. The Supreme Court has reasoned that "states traditionally have had great latitude under their police powers to legislate as to the protection of the lives, limbs, health, comfort, and quiet of all persons. Thus, these actions taken by the police department are separate and apart from a voluntary revelation from the police department itself. See Jamie Wilkins, "Maturo Praises Police Department 4 Years After Department of Justice Agreement," East Haven Patch, Dec. The Supreme Court has held that an objective reasonableness standard should apply to claims that police officers used excessive force. To determine if force is "excessive" requires judging that the amount of force used was unwarranted, and that the officer overstepped the limits of his or her authority. Researchers Alpert and Dunham argue that "since the use of force and excessive force can be defined or measured in a variety of ways, it is impossible for researchers to state definitively the frequency with which the police use force, justifiably or to excess.

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